/* MACRO-REGIME ASSET-PRICING RESEARCH PAGE */

.research-hero {
    min-height: calc(100vh - 102px);
    padding: 8vh 0 10vh;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 72px;
    align-items: center;
}

.research-title {
    max-width: 1160px;

    font-size: clamp(54px, 7vw, 106px);
    line-height: 0.96;
    letter-spacing: -0.058em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.research-title span {
    color: var(--accent);
}

.research-lede {
    max-width: 780px;
    margin-top: 38px;

    font-size: clamp(17px, 1.4vw, 20px);
    line-height: 1.6;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    color: #4f5355;
}

.research-thesis {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-top: 20px;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: var(--accent);
}

.research-actions {
    margin-top: 36px;

    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
}

.research-tags {
    width: 190px;

    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 8px;
}

.research-tags span {
    padding: 8px 11px;

    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 999px;

    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--muted);
}


/* RESEARCH AT A GLANCE */

.research-kpis {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);

    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-kpi {
    min-height: 188px;
    padding: 30px 28px 28px 0;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-kpi:not(:first-child) {
    padding-left: 28px;
}

.research-kpi:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
}

.research-kpi-label {
    margin-bottom: auto;

    font-size: 11px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #8c9092;
}

.research-kpi strong {
    margin-top: 34px;

    font-size: clamp(31px, 3.3vw, 50px);
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.research-kpi-note {
    margin-top: 10px;

    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: #868a8c;
}


/* GENERIC RESEARCH SECTION */

.research-section {
    scroll-margin-top: 24px;
}

.research-section .section-heading {
    margin-bottom: 58px;
}


/* RESEARCH QUESTION */

.question-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(320px, 0.65fr);
    gap: clamp(56px, 8vw, 130px);
    align-items: start;
}

.question-statement p {
    max-width: 860px;

    font-size: clamp(34px, 4.5vw, 64px);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.question-specs {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.question-spec {
    padding: 22px 0 24px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.question-spec span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 8px;

    font-size: 11px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #94989a;
}

.question-spec strong {
    display: block;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #4f5456;
}

.model-comparison {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin-top: 76px;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: center;
}

.model-comparison > div {
    min-height: 132px;
    padding: 24px;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;

    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 16px;
}

.model-comparison > div:last-child {
    background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.045);
}

.model-comparison > div span {
    font-size: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.09em;
    color: #96999b;
}

.model-comparison > div strong {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.comparison-vs {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #96999b;
}


/* RESEARCH DESIGN */

.research-flow {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr) auto) minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: stretch;
}

.flow-step {
    min-height: 228px;
    padding: 25px;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 18px;

    transition:
        transform 0.35s var(--ease-out),
        border-color 0.3s ease,
        background 0.3s ease;
}

.flow-step:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: var(--accent);
}

.flow-start,
.flow-end {
    background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.045);
}

.flow-number {
    margin-bottom: auto;

    font-size: 11px;
    color: #9b9ea0;
}

.flow-step strong {
    margin-top: 54px;

    font-size: 19px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

.flow-step p {
    margin-top: 10px;

    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #686c6e;
}

.flow-arrow {
    width: 34px;

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    color: #a1a4a5;
}

.flow-caption {
    margin-top: 20px;

    font-size: 12px;
    color: #8c9092;
}


/* REAL-TIME INFORMATION DESIGN */

.timing-intro {
    max-width: 900px;
}

.timing-lead {
    margin-bottom: 12px;

    font-size: clamp(30px, 4vw, 54px);
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.timing-intro > p:last-child {
    max-width: 760px;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: #606567;
}

.timing-flow {
    margin: 64px 0 72px;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr) auto) minmax(0, 1fr);
    align-items: stretch;
}

.timing-step {
    min-height: 190px;
    padding: 24px;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.timing-focus {
    background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.05);
}

.timing-step > span {
    margin-bottom: auto;

    font-size: 20px;
    letter-spacing: -0.03em;
    color: var(--accent);
}

.timing-step strong {
    margin-top: 40px;

    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.timing-step p {
    margin-top: 9px;

    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #74787a;
}

.timing-arrow {
    width: 58px;

    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;

    color: #9da1a3;
}


/* FIGURES */

.research-figure {
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.figure-heading {
    min-height: 58px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;

    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: end;
}

.figure-kicker,
.copy-kicker {
    display: block;

    font-size: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.09em;
    color: #929698;
}

.figure-heading h3 {
    margin-top: 5px;

    font-size: 27px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.035em;
}

.figure-note {
    padding-bottom: 3px;

    font-size: 11px;
    color: #909496;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-figure img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.research-figure figcaption {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-top: 16px;

    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #828688;
}

.research-figure-wide {
    width: 100%;
}

.figure-grid {
    display: grid;
    gap: clamp(42px, 6vw, 84px);
}

.figure-grid-two {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.figure-grid .research-figure {
    padding-top: 26px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}


/* IN-SAMPLE RESULTS */

.result-intro,
.oos-headline {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin-bottom: 58px;
}

.result-intro h3,
.oos-headline h3 {
    font-size: clamp(34px, 4.7vw, 64px);
    line-height: 1.04;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.result-intro p,
.oos-headline p {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-top: 22px;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: #616668;
}

.result-kpis {
    margin-bottom: 78px;

    display: grid;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.result-kpis-three {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

.result-kpis-four {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}

.result-kpi {
    min-height: 188px;
    padding: 25px 28px;

    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.result-kpi:first-child {
    padding-left: 0;
}

.result-kpi:last-child {
    border-right: 0;
}

.result-kpi > span {
    display: block;

    font-size: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #929698;
}

.result-kpi strong {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 34px;

    font-size: clamp(32px, 3.5vw, 52px);
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -0.045em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.result-kpi p {
    max-width: 270px;
    margin-top: 10px;

    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #818587;
}

.pricing-layout {
    margin-top: 78px;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.5fr) minmax(260px, 0.5fr);
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 100px);
    align-items: center;
}

.pricing-copy {
    padding-top: 22px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pricing-copy p {
    margin-top: 16px;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: #5f6466;
}


/* OOS */

.oos-section {
    position: relative;
}

.oos-chart {
    padding-top: 28px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}


/* CENTRAL FINDING */

.research-core-finding {
    padding: clamp(80px, 10vw, 145px) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.core-kicker {
    margin-bottom: 30px;

    font-size: 11px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    color: #929698;
}

.research-core-finding h2 {
    max-width: 1220px;

    font-size: clamp(54px, 8vw, 118px);
    line-height: 0.94;
    letter-spacing: -0.06em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.research-core-finding h2 span {
    color: var(--accent);
}

.core-columns {
    max-width: 1050px;
    margin-top: 76px;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(60px, 9vw, 130px);
}

.core-columns > div {
    padding-top: 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.core-columns > div > span {
    font-size: 11px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.09em;
    color: var(--accent);
}

.core-columns ul {
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
}

.core-columns li {
    position: relative;
    padding: 12px 0 12px 18px;

    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 213, 0.7);

    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #5f6466;
}

.core-columns li::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 20px;
    left: 0;

    width: 5px;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent);
}


/* ECONOMIC ILLUSTRATION */

.economic-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.55fr) minmax(280px, 0.45fr);
    gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 104px);
    align-items: start;
}

.economic-stats {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.economic-stat {
    padding: 22px 0 24px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.economic-stat span,
.economic-stat small {
    display: block;
}

.economic-stat span {
    margin-bottom: 8px;

    font-size: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #929698;
}

.economic-stat strong {
    font-size: 31px;
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.economic-stat small {
    margin-top: 8px;

    font-size: 11px;
    color: #898d8f;
}

.economic-stat-emphasis strong {
    color: var(--accent);
}

.economic-note {
    max-width: 760px;
    margin-top: 38px;

    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #74787a;
}


/* ROBUSTNESS */

.robustness-intro {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin-bottom: 42px;
}

.robustness-intro p {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: #606567;
}

.robustness-table-wrap {
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.robustness-table {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 780px;
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

.robustness-table th,
.robustness-table td {
    padding: 22px 20px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);

    text-align: left;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.robustness-table thead th {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);

    font-size: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #8d9193;
}

.robustness-table tbody th {
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.robustness-table tbody td {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #606567;
}

.status-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;

    padding: 6px 9px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 999px;

    font-size: 10px;
    color: #6f7375;
}

.status-pill-soft {
    border-color: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.22);
    background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.05);
    color: var(--accent);
}

.robustness-note {
    margin-top: 20px;

    font-size: 11px;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #8b8f91;
}


/* RESEARCH IMPLEMENTATION */

.implementation-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);

    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.implementation-item {
    position: relative;

    min-height: 250px;
    padding: 26px;

    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);

    transition:
        transform 0.35s var(--ease-out),
        background 0.3s ease,
        box-shadow 0.35s var(--ease-out);
}

.implementation-item:hover {
    z-index: 2;
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.045);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.035);
}

.implementation-item > span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 78px;

    font-size: 11px;
    color: #9b9ea0;
}

.implementation-item h3 {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.025em;

    transition: color 0.25s ease;
}

.implementation-item:hover h3 {
    color: var(--accent);
}

.implementation-item p {
    max-width: 340px;
    margin-top: 12px;

    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #666a6c;
}


/* DOWNLOAD + NOTES */

.research-download-section {
    padding-bottom: 80px;
}

.research-download-card {
    padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 68px);

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 60px;
    align-items: end;

    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.research-download-card .eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.research-download-card h2 {
    max-width: 780px;

    font-size: clamp(38px, 5vw, 68px);
    line-height: 1.02;
    letter-spacing: -0.05em;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.research-download-card p:not(.eyebrow) {
    max-width: 680px;
    margin-top: 20px;

    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #5c6264;
}

.research-download-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.research-download-actions .button {
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.research-notes {
    padding: 0 0 88px;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 52px;
}

.research-notes > div {
    padding-top: 20px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-notes span {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;

    font-size: 11px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #919597;
}

.research-notes p {
    max-width: 470px;

    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #7b7f81;
}


/* HOVER FALLBACK */

@media (hover: none) {
    .flow-step:hover,
    .implementation-item:hover {
        transform: none;
        border-color: var(--line);
        background: transparent;
        box-shadow: none;
    }

    .flow-start:hover,
    .flow-end:hover {
        background: rgba(31, 83, 102, 0.045);
    }

    .implementation-item:hover h3 {
        color: inherit;
    }
}


/* RESPONSIVE */

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
    .research-flow {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
        gap: 14px;
    }

    .flow-arrow {
        display: none;
    }

    .flow-step:last-child {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1050px) {
    .question-layout,
    .pricing-layout,
    .economic-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .question-specs {
        max-width: 760px;
    }

    .pricing-copy {
        max-width: 700px;
    }

    .economic-stats {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .economic-stat:nth-child(odd) {
        padding-right: 26px;
        border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .economic-stat:nth-child(even) {
        padding-left: 26px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .research-kpis,
    .result-kpis-four,
    .implementation-grid,
    .research-notes {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }

    .research-kpi:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .research-kpi:nth-child(-n + 2) {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .result-kpis-four .result-kpi:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .result-kpis-four .result-kpi:nth-child(-n + 2) {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .figure-grid-two,
    .core-columns {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-download-card {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        align-items: start;
    }

    .research-download-actions {
        flex-direction: row;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .research-hero {
        min-height: calc(100vh - 86px);
        padding: 6vh 0 8vh;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 38px;
    }

    .research-title {
        font-size: clamp(46px, 12vw, 72px);
    }

    .research-tags {
        width: auto;
        justify-content: flex-start;
    }

    .timing-flow {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .timing-arrow {
        display: none;
    }

    .timing-step {
        min-height: 160px;
        border: 1px solid var(--line);
        border-radius: 14px;
    }

    .model-comparison {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .comparison-vs {
        justify-self: start;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
    .research-kpis,
    .result-kpis-three,
    .result-kpis-four,
    .implementation-grid,
    .research-notes,
    .research-flow,
    .economic-stats {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-kpi {
        min-height: 150px;
        padding: 24px 0;
        border-right: 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .research-kpi:not(:first-child) {
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .research-kpi:last-child {
        border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .flow-step:last-child {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .result-kpi,
    .result-kpi:first-child {
        min-height: 150px;
        padding: 24px 0;
        border-right: 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    }

    .result-kpi:last-child {
        border-bottom: 0;
    }

    .result-kpis-four .result-kpi:nth-child(2) {
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .figure-heading {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    .figure-note {
        white-space: normal;
    }

    .economic-stat,
    .economic-stat:nth-child(odd),
    .economic-stat:nth-child(even) {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: 0;
        border-right: 0;
    }

    .research-download-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .research-download-actions .button {
        width: 100%;
    }
}